Fastlaneに引数を渡す

Advanced - fastlane docs

fastlane [lane] key:value key2:value2

fastlane deploy submit:false build_number:24

こんな感じでいけるっぽい

lane :deploy do |options|
  # ...
  if options[:submit]
    # Only when submit is true
  end
  # ...
  increment_build_number(build_number: options[:build_number])
  # ...
end

こんな感じでnilチェックしてあげればよさそう